Thermal, mineral and thermomineral waters, with their abundance and diversity of hydrochemical types, undoubtedly represent one of the most interesting geological issues in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and certainly have significant potential in economic terms. The study of this type of groundwater is also important for a number of other scientific disciplines: balneology, energy, the study of deposits of metallic and non-metallic mineral raw materials and oil, general and special hydrogeology, engineering geology, etc. A correct interpretation of the genesis, hydrogeological mechanism, chemical composition and regime of occurrence of these waters allows for an understanding of the possibilities of exploitation and their economic significance. Although their study began as far back as 1886, we are still not close to answering a number of questions related to this type of groundwater. Exceptional are the works in which some phenomena are treated from the aspect of the possibility of their exploitation for other purposes or some other characteristics that would be significant for other disciplines are listed. The complexity of the research issues stems primarily from the close connection between the occurrence of mineral, thermal and thermomineral waters and other elements of the geological structure of the terrain. Today, the position is clearly expressed that these waters are primarily hydrogeological phenomena, or more precisely, geological phenomena. This is certainly justified if we take into account their close connection with the lithological structure, tectonic structure, magmatism phenomena, hydrogeological characteristics of rock masses and other geological features of the terrain in which these waters occur. Since there are still a number of unresolved problems in the basic elements of the geological structure of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the research of the waters in question is significantly hampered.